{"id":15828,"date":"2023-12-25T03:32:12","date_gmt":"2023-12-25T03:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/?p=15828"},"modified":"2023-12-25T03:33:03","modified_gmt":"2023-12-25T03:33:03","slug":"khai-quat-ve-nen-hoi-hoa-can-dai-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/khai-quat-ve-nen-hoi-hoa-can-dai-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"KH\u00c1I QU\u00c1T V\u1ec0 N\u1ec0N H\u1ed8I H\u1eccA C\u1eacN \u0110\u1ea0I VI\u1ec6T NAM"},"content":{"rendered":"
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KH\u00c1I QU\u00c1T V\u1ec0 N\u1ec0N H\u1ed8I H\u1eccA C\u1eacN \u0110\u1ea0I VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/h2>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong su\u1ed1t 1000 n\u0103m (Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c). Ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u00e0 L\u00fd (1009-1225), nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n (1225-1400), nh\u00e0 L\u00ea (1428-1789), nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n (1802-1945) \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n theo ki\u1ec3u Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd b\u00edch h\u1ecda, trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng hay tr\u1ea7n cung \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ebf H\u00f9ng (1), c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 v\u00f4 danh trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ee3, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1925, sau 40 n\u0103m b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm l\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecda S\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Victor Tardieu (1870-1937) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m t\u1ea1i Paris gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Tardieu \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u00e9 hai chi\u1ec1u Paris \u2013 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Do chi ph\u00ed \u0103n \u1edf kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 l\u1eafm, n\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Tardieu \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda l\u1edbn tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, Tardieu \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u201cb\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 (b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba) th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u01b0u Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, Tardieu \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Merlin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 du l\u1ecbch \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0y 27\/10\/1924. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c m\u1edf c\u1eeda. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 5 n\u0103m sau, hai khoa \u0110i\u00eau kh\u1eafc H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda Ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 Khoa Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean. Khoa \u0110i\u00eau kh\u1eafc H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda Ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 50 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean, 40 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb, Khoa Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, 16 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 116 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u1eeb kh\u00f3a d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb, th\u1eddi gian tu nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 5 n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu c\u1ea5p chi ph\u00ed h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf trong su\u1ed1t 5 n\u0103m, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1c gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, trong khi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 (Ecole Francaise de l\u2019Extreme Orient: EFEO). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u0103ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Paris, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Paris. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Tardieu c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mang t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u00e9o d\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Paris, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Tardieu, c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c theo c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c h\u1ecda S\u0129 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i\u201d. C\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Phan Ch\u00e1nh, T\u00f4 Ng\u1ecdc V\u00e2n, V\u0169 Cao \u0110\u00e0m, Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Tr\u00ed, L\u00ea Ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i\u201d n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng lao l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n m\u00e0i hay tranh l\u1ee5a v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng trang tr\u00ed m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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T\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n s\u01a1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t. Do v\u1eady, n\u0103m 1927, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda t\u1ea1i Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Joseph Inguimberty \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf l\u1edbp h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda s\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1937, Tardieu qua \u0111\u1eddi, 1 n\u0103m sau t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1938, \u00c9variste Jonch\u00e8re k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m Tardieu l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Khoa s\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, Nguy\u1ec5n Phan Ch\u00e1nh \u2013 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Victor Tardieu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tranh d\u1ea7u m\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi tranh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian lao t\u00e2m kh\u1ed5 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1edbn khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ean tranh l\u1ee5a. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf tranh d\u1ea7u, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 tranh l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 tranh s\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1945, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp khai sinh ra n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 I. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u0103m 1954, t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh khi \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\u201d \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chia t\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh hai mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u2013 Nam (Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a), k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong su\u1ed1t 30 n\u0103m, Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao l\u01b0u m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, do c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea9y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, n\u00ean h\u1ecd b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai\u201d, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy th\u1ea9m m\u0129 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y tuy bao h\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu \u0111i t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n\u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 thu\u1ed9c \u201cth\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t\u201d \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u201cth\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai\u201d \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

L\u1ed1i ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 do H\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1957) hay c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ebfm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1 thi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 cho t\u1eebng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt mua tranh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vinh d\u1ef1. Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u0129 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975, Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n sang Campuchia (ph\u00eda Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb\u201c\u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n\u201d, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u201cx\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d), r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn tranh Trung \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i \u1ede Mi\u1ec1n Trung. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c, gi\u1edbi m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1986, Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, n\u1ec1n h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng b\u01b0\u1edbc sang m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, tuy nhi\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 khai qu\u1eadt c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u00fd ch\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecda s\u0129 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1edd m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tuy vi\u1ec7c s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ecda s\u0129 nh\u01b0 B\u00f9i Xu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1i, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh D\u0169ng, \u0110\u1eb7ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00f2a c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m L\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

KH\u00c1I QU\u00c1T V\u1ec0 N\u1ec0N H\u1ed8I H\u1eccA C\u1eacN \u0110\u1ea0I VI\u1ec6T NAM Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong su\u1ed1t 1000 n\u0103m (Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c). Ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15830,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[120,94],"tags":[219,364],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15828"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15828"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15838,"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15828\/revisions\/15838"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heritagecruises.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}